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Tổng tiền thanh toán:
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In this study, the author sets out to answer three fundamental questions: what is language? how do people learn languages? and how can we help them to learn languages? The implications of these questions are considered for the teachers' present needs as syllabus designers and language teachers. Then the history of language teaching over the last 100 years is examined including traditional grammar, early modern linguistics, formalism and structuralism in linguistics, and transformational-generative linguistics. It also discusses the sociolinguistic and philosophical inputs to language training needs thus identifying and clarifying the key issues underlying the enterprise. Finally there are four appendices: on job analysis and English for special purposes (a case study); on contrastive analysis and error analysis; on language testing; and an evaluation of selected language teaching materials. Dr Bell is also the author of "Sociolinguistics: goals, approaches and problems".
We based our evaluation of book condition on the following criteria:
* New: Just like it sounds. A brand-new, unused, unread copy in perfect condition.
* Like New: An apparently unread copy in perfect condition. Dust cover is intact; pages are clean and are not marred by notes or folds of any kind.
* Very Good: A copy that has been read, but remains in excellent condition. Pages are intact and are not marred by notes or highlighting, but may contain a neat previous owner name. The spine remains undamaged.
* Good: A copy that has been read, but remains in clean condition. All pages are intact, and the cover is intact. The spine may show signs of wear. Pages can include limited notes and highlighting, and the copy can include "From the library of" labels or previous owner inscriptions.
* Acceptable: A readable copy. All pages are intact, and the cover is intact (the dust cover may be missing). Pages can include considerable notes--in pen or highlighter--but the notes cannot obscure the text.
